INDEX Google Sheet Formula

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INDEX Formula Syntax

=INDEX(A1:D10, 3, 2)

Example Use Case

Returning a value from a table based on its position

Understanding the INDEX Formula

The INDEX function in Excel returns a value from a table based on its row and column position. It's a powerful lookup tool for position-based retrieval—like accessing matrix elements or creating dynamic references without knowing exact values.

INDEX(A1:D10, 3, 2) returns the value at the 3rd row and 2nd column of the range (cell B3 relative to A1). It takes an array, row_num, and optional column_num (for 2D ranges), offering precise position-based access to data.

Why Use INDEX?

INDEX finds by position—think matrix operations or variable lookups. Its coordinate-based approach complements MATCH for powerful dynamic retrievals, making it essential for advanced lookups and array manipulation.

Example with Sample Data

Range, Position	Formula	Result
A1:D10, row 3, column 2	=INDEX(A1:D10, 3, 2)	[Value in B3]
A1:A10, position 5	=INDEX(A1:A10, 5)	[Value in A5]
A1:D10, MATCH functions	=INDEX(A1:D10, MATCH("Smith", A1:A10, 0), MATCH("Sales", A1:D1, 0))	[Smith's Sales]

INDEX retrieves by position: gets item at row 3, column 2 of the range. Paired with MATCH, it's a dynamic data explorer.